托福口语TASK3把握阅读节奏技巧介绍
第三题属于校园场景，阅读材料按内容可以划分成两种：学校通告(Announcement)和个人建议(Letter/Proposal)。两者虽然在内容上不同，但文章结构是一致的。这是一个好现象，因为我们可以通过固定的文章结构来快速判断主旨句的位置。其实，学校的通告也好，个人的建议也罢，都符合西方人开门见山的表达习惯。换言之，无论是什么内容的材料，主旨句通常出现在前两句。这给我们提供了很大的便利，因为我们可以以此来提高我们的阅读速度。我们先来看一则学校通告的例子：
Required Work Experience
The business studies department at State University will now require all students enrolled in its program to complete one semester of work experience in a localcorporation or small business. It is felt that students will benefit from this work experience by developing leadership and organizational skills that would not normally be learned in a classroom or campus setting. furthermore, the relationship that students establish with the company that they work for may help them to secure permanent employment with that company once they have completed the program and graduated.
我们拿到一段材料通常第一件事是看标题，因为那能帮助我们快速掌握材料的主旨，所以我们知道本题的主旨与work experience有关，接下来就剩细节了。通过刚才讲过的方法，我们知道主旨句一定在前两句，所以我们稍微放慢速度阅读前两句。通过题目一开始的旁白我们已经知道这是一篇学校通告，所以为了提升速度，我们快速跳过一些“虚词”，包括学校名称、院系、以及表示“要求”、“建议”等意思的词。因为这些词在大部分的学校通告材料中出现且无实际意义，所以我们可以快速略过。那本题中，我们只需要仔细阅读第一行require后面的内容就可以了。这时我们的工作量就又减少了，速度也就提升了。通过阅读我们发现，本题的主旨就在第一句，所以赶紧记下来关键词(动词、名词优先)，保证主旨句有分。
下面我们再来看一个个人建议的例子：
University Should Pave Running Trails
The university has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that passthrough the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved with cement. One reason for paving the trails would be to increase their safety.When it rains, the dirt turns to mud and becomes very slippery, so the runners who use them can slip and fall. Pavement would solve this problem. Also, paving would make the trails look nicer, which would encourage students to use them.Bumps in the trial would be smoothed out and weeds would be paved over, making the trail more attractive to runners.
Sincerely Sally Jacobs
个人建议的阅读材料更容易判断主旨句，我们只需要快速找到第一人称I或We出现的一句就OK了。根据技巧，我们找到本题的主旨就是I think these trails should be paved with cement。但是为了答案更具体更完整，我们应该把句中的these指代的内容找出来，根据指代原则，我们从第一句找到了unpaved dirt running trails。所以，本题的主旨就是The student suggests that the unpaved dirt running trails should be paved with cement。这样就可以快速搞定主旨句了。
然而，光找主旨是不够的，我们还需要找出除了主旨之外的重点。这个重点通常包括学校做法或个人建议的原因、目的、功能、作用等，而且大部分情况下都是两点。我们怎么能快速准确地定位到这两点呢?很简单，通过表示列举和增补关系的连接词，或起到连接性作用的短语等，包括：First, one reason, on one hand, in addition,additionally, also, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, anotherreason/purpose/benefit等。我们应该首先快速定位这些词，这样能帮我们立即找到两点原因。就拿刚才的例子来说，我们能迅速地发现One reason for paving the trails would be toincrease their safety和Also, paving would make the trails look nicer,which would encourage students to use them。做到这，我们的任务基本就完成了。接下来我们稍微放慢速度阅读这两句，记下关键词。如果还剩其他的句子，都只是起辅助作用的内容，快速阅读即可。如果还剩时间，我们应该把所找的重点再反复阅读，加深理解。
当然，阅读材料并不是绝对的固定结构。有时我们在文中发现不了上述提到的连接词的时候，只能逐句阅读，抓紧记下一点原因之后，快速阅读剩余句子，先判断一下是否与已记下的内容雷同，如果没有不同的点可以记，我们只能判断本题只有一个原因了。比如下列一段材料：
Housing Renovations Planned
Over the last ten years, the number of Central College students living on campus indormitories has decreased by twenty percent. In an effort to counteract the trend, the college has announced a plan to renovate its on-campus housing. The renovations will take two years, and they will include improvements to the bathrooms, lighting, and heating in the dormitories. “A lot of people aremoving off campus because the dorms aren’t in great shape,” explained the college president. “By renovating the dorms, we can make them more appealing than off-campus housing, and more students will choose to remain on campus.”
我们可以发现，本段没有上述链接词，也没有明显的分层，通过阅读我们发现文章一再地提到学生搬出校园以及翻修宿舍的目的是为了吸引学生住校。所以我们能肯定本题的原因就是“吸引学生住校”。所以，通过有快有慢、有重点有技巧的阅读，我们就绝不会落下得分点。
TAG：
教育培训 |
教育培训 |
托福英语教育培训文章链接：https://peixun.9educ.com/teach/4127.html
